Canine Chiari and Syringomyelia

Canine Chiari-like Malformation (CM) and Syringomyelia (SM) are debilitating neurological conditions primarily affecting brachycephalic toy breeds such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. CM arises from a mismatch between the size of the brain and the skull, leading to overcrowding and obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways. This disruption can cause pain, termed Chiari-associated pain (CM-P), and result in the formation of fluid-filled cavities within the spinal cord, known as SM. Clinical signs range from pain to phantom scratching, weakness and scoliosis. Diagnosing CM and SM is challenging due to variability in clinical presentations and overlapping MRI features between affected and unaffected dogs. Advanced diagnostic tools, such as MRI, are standard but costly, and require anaesthesia. These conditions represent significant welfare concerns due to their impact on quality of life, and current research focuses on developing accessible diagnostic methods and improving breeding practices to reduce their prevalence. image :inkymousestudios.com

Treatment Algorithm

In 2006, Professor Clare Rusbridge developed the first treatment algorithm for managing Canine Chiari-like Malformation (CM) and Syringomyelia (SM), providing a structured, evidence-based approach to management of  these complex and debilitating conditions. The algorithm integrates medical and surgical strategies to address both pain and neurological dysfunction associated with CM and SM. It emphasises tailoring treatment to the severity of clinical signs, ranging from analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications for mild cases to surgical decompression for severe or refractory cases. Over the years, the algorithm has been refined with advancements in diagnostic techniques, such as Chiari Check, and newer pharmacological options, ensuring it remains relevant and effective. Widely adopted by veterinarians, the algorithm has significantly improved the quality of life for affected dogs and remains a cornerstone in the management of these challenging neurological disorders. 

Canine Chiari Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

A comprehensive resource for understanding Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) in dogs, this FAQ page is designed to address common questions from pet owners, breeders, and veterinarians, including both general practitioners and specialist neurologists. It covers essential topics such as the causes, clinical signs, diagnosis, and management of these complex neurological conditions. Additionally, it explores the challenges of breeding predisposed dogs, the genetic inheritance of CM and SM, and ongoing research efforts. By demystifying these conditions, the FAQ empowers caregivers and their veterinary teams with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions, enhance the quality of life for affected dogs, and promote greater awareness of CM and SM within the community. 

Canine Chiari and Syringomyelia Playlist

The Canine Chiari and Syringomyelia Playlist on YouTube offers an invaluable collection of videos dedicated to understanding and managing Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) in dogs. Curated by Professor Clare Rusbridge, this playlist provides comprehensive insights into the causes, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment options for these complex neurological conditions. It features informative content tailored for pet owners, breeders, and veterinarians, aiming to enhance knowledge and awareness of CM and SM, especially in vulnerable breeds like Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Whether you’re seeking guidance on managing an affected dog or exploring the latest research and advancements, this playlist serves as a practical and accessible resource. 

Neuropathic Pain and Treatment Playlist

The Neuropathic Pain and Treatment Playlist on YouTube provides an in-depth exploration of neuropathic pain in animals, focusing on its causes, underlying mechanisms, drugs and treatment strategies. Curated by Professor Clare Rusbridge, this playlist is an invaluable resource for veterinarians, researchers, and pet owners. It covers a range of topics, from understanding the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain to practical advice on managing affected animals through pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Whether you're seeking to deepen your clinical knowledge or find ways to improve the quality of life for pets suffering from chronic pain, this playlist delivers accessible and expert-driven insights. 

Head Space Project

The Head Space Project, led by Professor Clare Rusbridge at the University of Surrey, aims to revolutionise the detection and prevention of Chiari-like malformation (CM), syringomyelia (SM), and Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) in dogs. Using advanced 3D imaging and artificial intelligence, the project developed a portable, low-cost system with five cameras to capture detailed 3D surface models of dogs’ heads in less than a second. This allows for real-time, non-invasive health assessments. 

The research has successfully linked specific head shape features to the likelihood of CM and SM, achieving up to 75% sensitivity and 70% specificity in disease prediction. This technology is now being refined with the ultimate aim of developing a user-friendly app that could provide breeders and veterinarians with accessible tools to assess health risks and guide breeding decisions.  

By combining innovative imaging and AI the Head Space Project addresses critical welfare issues in brachycephalic breeds, aiming to reduce inherited pathology and improve the health of future generations. 

Cavalier Matters

Cavalier Matters is a dedicated charity focused on improving the health, welfare, and quality of life for Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. The organisation supports research into breed-specific health issues, including Chiari-like malformation, syringomyelia, and mitral valve disease, while also advocating for responsible breeding practices. Cavalier Matters provides valuable educational resources for pet owners and breeders, offering guidance on recognising and managing common health problems in Cavaliers. The charity also raises funds to support health initiatives, rescue operations, and veterinary care for Cavaliers in need. Through its work, Cavalier Matters aims to ensure a healthier future for this beloved breed while fostering greater awareness of their unique health challenges.

The article "New Considerations about Chiari-like Malformation, Syringomyelia and Their Management" by Professor Clare Rusbridge, published in In Practice in June 2020, offers a comprehensive overview of Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM) in dogs, focusing on their diagnosis and management. CM is described as a developmental condition resulting in overcrowding of the brain and cranial cervical spinal cord, with an increase in diagnoses attributed to the popularity of predisposed brachycephalic breeds and wider MRI accessibility in veterinary practice. The article introduces a detailed treatment algorithm to guide veterinary professionals in managing CM-associated pain (CM-P) and SM, emphasizing a multimodal approach. Additionally, it provides a practical guide to interpreting MRI findings, a critical tool in diagnosing these conditions. This resource serves as both a clinical reference and an educational tool, equipping veterinarians with strategies to improve outcomes for affected dogs. 

https://bvajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1136/inp.m1869